Paulin Research Group                            Houston, Texas

Inplane, Outplane, Axial and Torsional Directions

Inplane Force/Moment: Is a force or moment that will cause the branch to deflect towards the header along its centerline.

Outplane Force/Moment: Is a force or moment that will cause the branch to deflect along the circumferential plane of the header.

Torsional Force/Moment: Is a force or moment that will cause the branch to deflect around its centerline.

Axial Force: Is a force that will cause the branch to deflect along its centerline.

All inplane, outplane, torsional and axial directions are in the local axis. For laterals the same process will be applied regardless of the angle of tilt of the branch to header.

For Intersections (Tees and Heads):

For a center nozzle on a head, the inplane and outplane direction will be the same.

For Bends and Bends with Support: